{
 "steps": [
  {
   "step": {
    "id": "step1",
    "label": "Step 1 · by 2030",
    "title": "Business + taxi, 4–9 seats",
    "band": "350–600 kW",
    "power_kW": 600,
    "year": "2030"
   },
   "power_kW": 600,
   "year": "2030",
   "pem": {
    "point": {
     "chemistry": "pem",
     "j_A_cm2": 1.0,
     "voltage_V": 0.7842846374008742,
     "power_W_cm2": 0.7842846374008742,
     "asr_ohm_cm2": 0.060438936761409524,
     "limiting_A_cm2": 2.5693551009592532,
     "water_lambda": 10.049999999999999,
     "efficiency_LHV": 0.6258255963939309,
     "inputs": {
      "T_C": 80.0,
      "pressure_bar": 2.533125,
      "rh": 0.6,
      "stoich": 2.0
     },
     "calibration": "mirai",
     "status": "CALIBRATED_ONE_POINT_NOT_VALIDATED",
     "source": "output/calibration/pem-mirai-class.json (one-point recalibration to public Toyota Mirai data)"
    },
    "sizing": {
     "chemistry": "pem",
     "power_kW": 600,
     "cell_voltage_V": 0.7842846374008742,
     "j_A_cm2": 1.0,
     "active_area_m2": 76.5028372847395,
     "cells_at_area": 2733,
     "cell_area_cm2": 280.0,
     "h2_kg_h": 28.770898666831386,
     "heat_kW": 358.73355685235555,
     "efficiency_LHV": 0.6258255963939309,
     "status": "SCREENING_ESTIMATE",
     "assumptions": "Stack only; 100 % H2 utilisation; LHV heat basis (1.253 V, product water as vapour); no BoP, compressor or converter losses",
     "mass_kg": [
      428.5714285714286,
      428.5714285714286
     ],
     "specific_power_kW_kg": [
      1.4,
      1.4
     ]
    },
    "heat_grade_C": 80.0,
    "context": {
     "label": "Low-temperature PEM",
     "operating_C": "80 °C (2026) → 100 °C (2035) [flyzero]",
     "system_kW_kg": {
      "2026": [
       1.5,
       2.0
      ],
      "2030": [
       2.0,
       2.5
      ],
      "2035": [
       2.5,
       3.0
      ],
      "2050": [
       3.0,
       3.5
      ]
     },
     "system_kW_kg_source": "flyzero (targets)",
     "stack_kW_kg": "Today about 2-3; Mirai Gen1 2.0 [toyota]. Targets 7+ (2026) → 16 (2050) [flyzero]",
     "system_kW_kg_today": "DOE 2015 integrated system 0.659 [doe]; ZeroAvia ZA600 claim 1.4, boundary not reconciled [zeroavia]",
     "durability_h": "5,000 (2026) → 25,000 (2050) [flyzero]",
     "trl": "TRL 6 by 2026 [flyzero]",
     "heat": "Low-grade heat near 80 °C needs large radiators or vapour-compression cooling [flyzero]",
     "role": "Main propulsion for commuter and regional aircraft; flown in demonstrators [review]"
    }
   },
   "sofc": {
    "point": {
     "chemistry": "sofc",
     "sofc_class": "ref",
     "voltage_V": 0.8,
     "j_A_cm2": 0.7499999999999999,
     "power_W_cm2": 0.6,
     "efficiency_LHV": 0.6383657835939993,
     "active_area_cm2": 3.1415926535897936,
     "asr_ohm_cm2": 0.40000000000000013,
     "inputs": {
      "T_C": 750.0
     },
     "status": "SCREENING_ASSUMPTION_NOT_VALIDATED",
     "source": "A01 reference screening assumption (background dataset)"
    },
    "sizing": {
     "chemistry": "sofc",
     "power_kW": 600,
     "cell_voltage_V": 0.8,
     "j_A_cm2": 0.7499999999999999,
     "active_area_m2": 100.0,
     "cells_at_area": 318310,
     "cell_area_cm2": 3.1415926535897936,
     "h2_kg_h": 28.20571728576644,
     "heat_kW": 339.90000000000003,
     "efficiency_LHV": 0.6383657835939993,
     "status": "SCREENING_ESTIMATE",
     "assumptions": "Stack only; 100 % H2 utilisation; LHV heat basis (1.253 V, product water as vapour); no BoP, compressor or converter losses"
    },
    "heat_grade_C": 750.0,
    "context": {
     "label": "Solid oxide (SOFC)",
     "operating_C": "600–1000 °C [review]",
     "system_kW_kg": null,
     "system_kW_kg_source": null,
     "stack_kW_kg": "Planar stacks about 0.1-0.5 today; HYLENA lightweight-stack target about 3 [bauhaus]",
     "cell_W_cm2": "About 0.5-1; advanced lab cells about 1 (1.01 peak, 650 °C) [ma2026]",
     "durability_h": "Not reported for aviation duty [review]",
     "trl": "Low TRL for flight [review]",
     "heat": "High-grade heat (hundreds of °C) usable by a turbine or heat exchanger; complex thermal management [review]",
     "role": "Ground power, APU and turbine-hybrid concepts; no flight role identified [review]"
    }
   },
   "mass_case": "baseline",
   "note": "FlyZero publishes roadmap targets for PEM only. Cell W/cm², stack kW/kg and system kW/kg are separate boundaries and are never converted into one another (datasets/public/sofc-pem-power-density-background.json).",
   "sources": {
    "flyzero": {
     "title": "FlyZero Fuel Cells Roadmap Report, FZO-PPN-COM-0033 (ATI, March 2022)",
     "url": "https://www.ati.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/FZO-PPN-COM-0033-Fuel-Cells-Roadmap-Report.pdf"
    },
    "toyota": {
     "title": "Toyota, Mirai first-generation stack 114 kW, 56 kg",
     "url": "https://media.toyota.co.uk/toyota-ushers-future-mirai-fuel-cell-car/"
    },
    "doe": {
     "title": "US DOE technical targets for fuel cell systems and stacks (2015 status)",
     "url": "https://www.energy.gov/cmei/fuels/doe-technical-targets-fuel-cell-systems-and-stacks-transportation-applications"
    },
    "zeroavia": {
     "title": "ZeroAvia ZA600 ground test announcement (2025, manufacturer claim)",
     "url": "https://zeroavia.com/zeroavia-certification-intent-fuel-cell-system-successfully-replicates-full-flight-profile-in-ground-test/"
    },
    "bauhaus": {
     "title": "Bauhaus Luftfahrt, SOFC technologies for future aviation (HYLENA)",
     "url": "https://www.bauhaus-luftfahrt.net/en/research-areas/technology-radar/solid-oxide-fuel-cell-technologies-for-future-aviation-applications"
    },
    "ma2026": {
     "title": "Ma et al., Adv. Sci. 2026, doi:10.1002/advs.202517694",
     "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202517694"
    },
    "review": {
     "title": "Gopalasingam, Rakhshani & Rodriguez (2025), Hydrogen Propulsion Technologies for Aviation, Hydrogen 6(4) 92",
     "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4141/6/4/92"
    }
   },
   "status": "SCREENING_ESTIMATE"
  },
  {
   "step": {
    "id": "step2",
    "label": "Step 2 · 2030s",
    "title": "Regional, 9–100 seats",
    "band": "600–2,000+ kW",
    "power_kW": 2000,
    "year": "2035"
   },
   "power_kW": 2000,
   "year": "2035",
   "pem": {
    "point": {
     "chemistry": "pem",
     "j_A_cm2": 1.0,
     "voltage_V": 0.7842846374008742,
     "power_W_cm2": 0.7842846374008742,
     "asr_ohm_cm2": 0.060438936761409524,
     "limiting_A_cm2": 2.5693551009592532,
     "water_lambda": 10.049999999999999,
     "efficiency_LHV": 0.6258255963939309,
     "inputs": {
      "T_C": 80.0,
      "pressure_bar": 2.533125,
      "rh": 0.6,
      "stoich": 2.0
     },
     "calibration": "mirai",
     "status": "CALIBRATED_ONE_POINT_NOT_VALIDATED",
     "source": "output/calibration/pem-mirai-class.json (one-point recalibration to public Toyota Mirai data)"
    },
    "sizing": {
     "chemistry": "pem",
     "power_kW": 2000,
     "cell_voltage_V": 0.7842846374008742,
     "j_A_cm2": 1.0,
     "active_area_m2": 255.00945761579834,
     "cells_at_area": 9108,
     "cell_area_cm2": 280.0,
     "h2_kg_h": 95.90299555610461,
     "heat_kW": 1195.7785228411851,
     "efficiency_LHV": 0.6258255963939309,
     "status": "SCREENING_ESTIMATE",
     "assumptions": "Stack only; 100 % H2 utilisation; LHV heat basis (1.253 V, product water as vapour); no BoP, compressor or converter losses",
     "mass_kg": [
      1428.5714285714287,
      1428.5714285714287
     ],
     "specific_power_kW_kg": [
      1.4,
      1.4
     ]
    },
    "heat_grade_C": 80.0,
    "context": {
     "label": "Low-temperature PEM",
     "operating_C": "80 °C (2026) → 100 °C (2035) [flyzero]",
     "system_kW_kg": {
      "2026": [
       1.5,
       2.0
      ],
      "2030": [
       2.0,
       2.5
      ],
      "2035": [
       2.5,
       3.0
      ],
      "2050": [
       3.0,
       3.5
      ]
     },
     "system_kW_kg_source": "flyzero (targets)",
     "stack_kW_kg": "Today about 2-3; Mirai Gen1 2.0 [toyota]. Targets 7+ (2026) → 16 (2050) [flyzero]",
     "system_kW_kg_today": "DOE 2015 integrated system 0.659 [doe]; ZeroAvia ZA600 claim 1.4, boundary not reconciled [zeroavia]",
     "durability_h": "5,000 (2026) → 25,000 (2050) [flyzero]",
     "trl": "TRL 6 by 2026 [flyzero]",
     "heat": "Low-grade heat near 80 °C needs large radiators or vapour-compression cooling [flyzero]",
     "role": "Main propulsion for commuter and regional aircraft; flown in demonstrators [review]"
    }
   },
   "sofc": {
    "point": {
     "chemistry": "sofc",
     "sofc_class": "ref",
     "voltage_V": 0.8,
     "j_A_cm2": 0.7499999999999999,
     "power_W_cm2": 0.6,
     "efficiency_LHV": 0.6383657835939993,
     "active_area_cm2": 3.1415926535897936,
     "asr_ohm_cm2": 0.40000000000000013,
     "inputs": {
      "T_C": 750.0
     },
     "status": "SCREENING_ASSUMPTION_NOT_VALIDATED",
     "source": "A01 reference screening assumption (background dataset)"
    },
    "sizing": {
     "chemistry": "sofc",
     "power_kW": 2000,
     "cell_voltage_V": 0.8,
     "j_A_cm2": 0.7499999999999999,
     "active_area_m2": 333.33333333333337,
     "cells_at_area": 1061033,
     "cell_area_cm2": 3.1415926535897936,
     "h2_kg_h": 94.01905761922146,
     "heat_kW": 1133.0000000000002,
     "efficiency_LHV": 0.6383657835939993,
     "status": "SCREENING_ESTIMATE",
     "assumptions": "Stack only; 100 % H2 utilisation; LHV heat basis (1.253 V, product water as vapour); no BoP, compressor or converter losses"
    },
    "heat_grade_C": 750.0,
    "context": {
     "label": "Solid oxide (SOFC)",
     "operating_C": "600–1000 °C [review]",
     "system_kW_kg": null,
     "system_kW_kg_source": null,
     "stack_kW_kg": "Planar stacks about 0.1-0.5 today; HYLENA lightweight-stack target about 3 [bauhaus]",
     "cell_W_cm2": "About 0.5-1; advanced lab cells about 1 (1.01 peak, 650 °C) [ma2026]",
     "durability_h": "Not reported for aviation duty [review]",
     "trl": "Low TRL for flight [review]",
     "heat": "High-grade heat (hundreds of °C) usable by a turbine or heat exchanger; complex thermal management [review]",
     "role": "Ground power, APU and turbine-hybrid concepts; no flight role identified [review]"
    }
   },
   "mass_case": "baseline",
   "note": "FlyZero publishes roadmap targets for PEM only. Cell W/cm², stack kW/kg and system kW/kg are separate boundaries and are never converted into one another (datasets/public/sofc-pem-power-density-background.json).",
   "sources": {
    "flyzero": {
     "title": "FlyZero Fuel Cells Roadmap Report, FZO-PPN-COM-0033 (ATI, March 2022)",
     "url": "https://www.ati.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/FZO-PPN-COM-0033-Fuel-Cells-Roadmap-Report.pdf"
    },
    "toyota": {
     "title": "Toyota, Mirai first-generation stack 114 kW, 56 kg",
     "url": "https://media.toyota.co.uk/toyota-ushers-future-mirai-fuel-cell-car/"
    },
    "doe": {
     "title": "US DOE technical targets for fuel cell systems and stacks (2015 status)",
     "url": "https://www.energy.gov/cmei/fuels/doe-technical-targets-fuel-cell-systems-and-stacks-transportation-applications"
    },
    "zeroavia": {
     "title": "ZeroAvia ZA600 ground test announcement (2025, manufacturer claim)",
     "url": "https://zeroavia.com/zeroavia-certification-intent-fuel-cell-system-successfully-replicates-full-flight-profile-in-ground-test/"
    },
    "bauhaus": {
     "title": "Bauhaus Luftfahrt, SOFC technologies for future aviation (HYLENA)",
     "url": "https://www.bauhaus-luftfahrt.net/en/research-areas/technology-radar/solid-oxide-fuel-cell-technologies-for-future-aviation-applications"
    },
    "ma2026": {
     "title": "Ma et al., Adv. Sci. 2026, doi:10.1002/advs.202517694",
     "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202517694"
    },
    "review": {
     "title": "Gopalasingam, Rakhshani & Rodriguez (2025), Hydrogen Propulsion Technologies for Aviation, Hydrogen 6(4) 92",
     "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4141/6/4/92"
    }
   },
   "status": "SCREENING_ESTIMATE"
  },
  {
   "step": {
    "id": "step3",
    "label": "Step 3 · 2040s",
    "title": "Larger single-aisle",
    "band": "4+ MW",
    "power_kW": 4000,
    "year": "2050"
   },
   "power_kW": 4000,
   "year": "2050",
   "pem": {
    "point": {
     "chemistry": "pem",
     "j_A_cm2": 1.0,
     "voltage_V": 0.7842846374008742,
     "power_W_cm2": 0.7842846374008742,
     "asr_ohm_cm2": 0.060438936761409524,
     "limiting_A_cm2": 2.5693551009592532,
     "water_lambda": 10.049999999999999,
     "efficiency_LHV": 0.6258255963939309,
     "inputs": {
      "T_C": 80.0,
      "pressure_bar": 2.533125,
      "rh": 0.6,
      "stoich": 2.0
     },
     "calibration": "mirai",
     "status": "CALIBRATED_ONE_POINT_NOT_VALIDATED",
     "source": "output/calibration/pem-mirai-class.json (one-point recalibration to public Toyota Mirai data)"
    },
    "sizing": {
     "chemistry": "pem",
     "power_kW": 4000,
     "cell_voltage_V": 0.7842846374008742,
     "j_A_cm2": 1.0,
     "active_area_m2": 510.0189152315967,
     "cells_at_area": 18215,
     "cell_area_cm2": 280.0,
     "h2_kg_h": 191.80599111220923,
     "heat_kW": 2391.5570456823702,
     "efficiency_LHV": 0.6258255963939309,
     "status": "SCREENING_ESTIMATE",
     "assumptions": "Stack only; 100 % H2 utilisation; LHV heat basis (1.253 V, product water as vapour); no BoP, compressor or converter losses",
     "mass_kg": [
      2857.1428571428573,
      2857.1428571428573
     ],
     "specific_power_kW_kg": [
      1.4,
      1.4
     ]
    },
    "heat_grade_C": 80.0,
    "context": {
     "label": "Low-temperature PEM",
     "operating_C": "80 °C (2026) → 100 °C (2035) [flyzero]",
     "system_kW_kg": {
      "2026": [
       1.5,
       2.0
      ],
      "2030": [
       2.0,
       2.5
      ],
      "2035": [
       2.5,
       3.0
      ],
      "2050": [
       3.0,
       3.5
      ]
     },
     "system_kW_kg_source": "flyzero (targets)",
     "stack_kW_kg": "Today about 2-3; Mirai Gen1 2.0 [toyota]. Targets 7+ (2026) → 16 (2050) [flyzero]",
     "system_kW_kg_today": "DOE 2015 integrated system 0.659 [doe]; ZeroAvia ZA600 claim 1.4, boundary not reconciled [zeroavia]",
     "durability_h": "5,000 (2026) → 25,000 (2050) [flyzero]",
     "trl": "TRL 6 by 2026 [flyzero]",
     "heat": "Low-grade heat near 80 °C needs large radiators or vapour-compression cooling [flyzero]",
     "role": "Main propulsion for commuter and regional aircraft; flown in demonstrators [review]"
    }
   },
   "sofc": {
    "point": {
     "chemistry": "sofc",
     "sofc_class": "ref",
     "voltage_V": 0.8,
     "j_A_cm2": 0.7499999999999999,
     "power_W_cm2": 0.6,
     "efficiency_LHV": 0.6383657835939993,
     "active_area_cm2": 3.1415926535897936,
     "asr_ohm_cm2": 0.40000000000000013,
     "inputs": {
      "T_C": 750.0
     },
     "status": "SCREENING_ASSUMPTION_NOT_VALIDATED",
     "source": "A01 reference screening assumption (background dataset)"
    },
    "sizing": {
     "chemistry": "sofc",
     "power_kW": 4000,
     "cell_voltage_V": 0.8,
     "j_A_cm2": 0.7499999999999999,
     "active_area_m2": 666.6666666666667,
     "cells_at_area": 2122066,
     "cell_area_cm2": 3.1415926535897936,
     "h2_kg_h": 188.0381152384429,
     "heat_kW": 2266.0000000000005,
     "efficiency_LHV": 0.6383657835939993,
     "status": "SCREENING_ESTIMATE",
     "assumptions": "Stack only; 100 % H2 utilisation; LHV heat basis (1.253 V, product water as vapour); no BoP, compressor or converter losses"
    },
    "heat_grade_C": 750.0,
    "context": {
     "label": "Solid oxide (SOFC)",
     "operating_C": "600–1000 °C [review]",
     "system_kW_kg": null,
     "system_kW_kg_source": null,
     "stack_kW_kg": "Planar stacks about 0.1-0.5 today; HYLENA lightweight-stack target about 3 [bauhaus]",
     "cell_W_cm2": "About 0.5-1; advanced lab cells about 1 (1.01 peak, 650 °C) [ma2026]",
     "durability_h": "Not reported for aviation duty [review]",
     "trl": "Low TRL for flight [review]",
     "heat": "High-grade heat (hundreds of °C) usable by a turbine or heat exchanger; complex thermal management [review]",
     "role": "Ground power, APU and turbine-hybrid concepts; no flight role identified [review]"
    }
   },
   "mass_case": "baseline",
   "note": "FlyZero publishes roadmap targets for PEM only. Cell W/cm², stack kW/kg and system kW/kg are separate boundaries and are never converted into one another (datasets/public/sofc-pem-power-density-background.json).",
   "sources": {
    "flyzero": {
     "title": "FlyZero Fuel Cells Roadmap Report, FZO-PPN-COM-0033 (ATI, March 2022)",
     "url": "https://www.ati.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/FZO-PPN-COM-0033-Fuel-Cells-Roadmap-Report.pdf"
    },
    "toyota": {
     "title": "Toyota, Mirai first-generation stack 114 kW, 56 kg",
     "url": "https://media.toyota.co.uk/toyota-ushers-future-mirai-fuel-cell-car/"
    },
    "doe": {
     "title": "US DOE technical targets for fuel cell systems and stacks (2015 status)",
     "url": "https://www.energy.gov/cmei/fuels/doe-technical-targets-fuel-cell-systems-and-stacks-transportation-applications"
    },
    "zeroavia": {
     "title": "ZeroAvia ZA600 ground test announcement (2025, manufacturer claim)",
     "url": "https://zeroavia.com/zeroavia-certification-intent-fuel-cell-system-successfully-replicates-full-flight-profile-in-ground-test/"
    },
    "bauhaus": {
     "title": "Bauhaus Luftfahrt, SOFC technologies for future aviation (HYLENA)",
     "url": "https://www.bauhaus-luftfahrt.net/en/research-areas/technology-radar/solid-oxide-fuel-cell-technologies-for-future-aviation-applications"
    },
    "ma2026": {
     "title": "Ma et al., Adv. Sci. 2026, doi:10.1002/advs.202517694",
     "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202517694"
    },
    "review": {
     "title": "Gopalasingam, Rakhshani & Rodriguez (2025), Hydrogen Propulsion Technologies for Aviation, Hydrogen 6(4) 92",
     "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4141/6/4/92"
    }
   },
   "status": "SCREENING_ESTIMATE"
  }
 ],
 "comparison": [
  {
   "row": "Operating temperature",
   "pem": "65–95 °C today; FlyZero target 80 °C (2026) → 100 °C (2035)",
   "sofc": "600–1,000 °C",
   "sources": [
    "nasa",
    "flyzero",
    "review"
   ]
  },
  {
   "row": "Start-up",
   "pem": "Under 1 minute",
   "sofc": "Tens of minutes to hours (ceramic stack must be heated)",
   "sources": [
    "nasa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "row": "Load following",
   "pem": "Base load and transients",
   "sofc": "Base load only: the ceramic electrolyte limits transient response",
   "sources": [
    "nasa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "row": "Specific power today (published hardware)",
   "pem": "Stack 2.0 kW/kg (Toyota Mirai Gen1, 114 kW / 56 kg); DOE 2015 integrated system 0.659 kW/kg; ZeroAvia ZA600 system claim 1.4 kW/kg",
   "sofc": "Planar stacks about 0.1–0.5 kW/kg; no published flight-ready system figure",
   "sources": [
    "toyota-mirai",
    "doe-targets",
    "za600",
    "bauhaus"
   ]
  },
  {
   "row": "Specific power targets (not demonstrated)",
   "pem": "FlyZero stack + BoP target 1.5–2.0 kW/kg (2026) → 3.0–3.5 (2050); H2GEAR system roadmap (stack + BoP + thermal) 0.92 kW/kg (2025) → 1.3 (2030) → >2.1 (2035); a public 100–400 kW product claims >1.5 kW/kg",
   "sofc": "HYLENA targets about 3 kW/kg for lightweight stacks; NASA claims up to 2.5 kW/kg for an advanced design; no FlyZero target",
   "sources": [
    "flyzero",
    "h2gear",
    "zeroavia",
    "bauhaus",
    "nasa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "row": "Heat",
   "pem": "Low-grade, near 80 °C, with stack efficiency typically 40–50 %: large radiators or vapour-compression cooling; HT-PEM (PBI, 30–90 °C hotter) eases this",
   "sofc": "High-grade, hundreds of °C: usable by a turbine or heat exchanger, but complex thermal management",
   "sources": [
    "flyzero",
    "h2gear",
    "review"
   ]
  },
  {
   "row": "Fuel and contaminants",
   "pem": "Needs clean hydrogen; CO poisons platinum (HT-PEM is more tolerant)",
   "sofc": "Many fuels (CO is a fuel); tolerant of contaminants",
   "sources": [
    "nasa",
    "review"
   ]
  },
  {
   "row": "Pressure and cycling",
   "pem": "Pressurised operation common",
   "sofc": "Seals limit pressure; needs thermal-cycling capability",
   "sources": [
    "nasa"
   ]
  },
  {
   "row": "Maturity for flight",
   "pem": "FlyZero: TRL 6 by 2026; flown in commuter demonstrators",
   "sofc": "Low TRL for flight; no flight role identified in the 2025 review",
   "sources": [
    "flyzero",
    "review"
   ]
  },
  {
   "row": "Natural aviation role",
   "pem": "Main propulsion (Steps 1–3)",
   "sofc": "APU, ground power and turbine-hybrid concepts; long, steady duty",
   "sources": [
    "nasa",
    "review"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "sources": {
  "flyzero": {
   "title": "FlyZero, Fuel Cells Roadmap Report, FZO-PPN-COM-0033 (ATI, March 2022)",
   "url": "https://www.ati.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/FZO-PPN-COM-0033-Fuel-Cells-Roadmap-Report.pdf"
  },
  "nasa": {
   "title": "NASA Glenn Research Center, Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Activities Overview, presented to Robinson Research Institute (Feb 2024)",
   "url": null
  },
  "review": {
   "title": "Gopalasingam, Rakhshani & Rodriguez, Hydrogen Propulsion Technologies for Aviation, Hydrogen 6(4) 92 (2025)",
   "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4141/6/4/92"
  },
  "zeroavia": {
   "title": "ZeroAvia, Components brochure (public marketing material)",
   "url": "https://zeroavia.com"
  },
  "h2fly": {
   "title": "H2FLY step-by-step scaling (R. Mueller in Leeham News, 12 Oct 2026; Aerospace Global News, 15 May 2026; Fuel Cells Works, 4 May 2026; FLUG REVUE)",
   "url": null
  },
  "h2gear": {
   "title": "Hales et al., H2GEAR: hydrogen-electric propulsion, AIAA AVIATION 2023, doi:10.2514/6.2023-3874 (GKN Aerospace)",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3874"
  },
  "mirai": {
   "title": "Yoshida & Kojima, Toyota MIRAI Fuel Cell Vehicle and Progress Toward a Future Hydrogen Society, ECS Interface 24(2), 2015",
   "url": "https://www.electrochem.org/dl/interface/sum/sum15/sum15_p45_49.pdf"
  },
  "doe-mirai": {
   "title": "B. James, Fuel Cell Systems Analysis, DOE Hydrogen Program Annual Merit Review 2017 (fc163)",
   "url": "https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/review17/fc163_james_2017_o.pdf"
  },
  "anl-mirai": {
   "title": "Lohse-Busch et al., Automotive fuel cell stack and system efficiency and fuel consumption based on vehicle testing (ANL, OSTI 1606353)",
   "url": "https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1606353"
  },
  "ati-battery": {
   "title": "ATI INSIGHT, Aerospace Battery Requirements (Aerospace Technology Institute, September 2026)",
   "url": null
  },
  "doe-targets": {
   "title": "US DOE, Technical Targets for Fuel Cell Systems and Stacks for Transportation Applications (2015 status)",
   "url": "https://www.energy.gov/cmei/fuels/doe-technical-targets-fuel-cell-systems-and-stacks-transportation-applications"
  },
  "toyota-mirai": {
   "title": "Toyota, Toyota Ushers In The Future With The Mirai Fuel Cell Car (first-generation stack 114 kW, 56 kg)",
   "url": "https://media.toyota.co.uk/toyota-ushers-future-mirai-fuel-cell-car/"
  },
  "za600": {
   "title": "ZeroAvia, Certification-intent fuel cell system replicates full flight profile in ground test (2 Sep 2025; manufacturer claim)",
   "url": "https://zeroavia.com/zeroavia-certification-intent-fuel-cell-system-successfully-replicates-full-flight-profile-in-ground-test/"
  },
  "bauhaus": {
   "title": "Bauhaus Luftfahrt, Solid oxide fuel cell technologies for future aviation applications (HYLENA)",
   "url": "https://www.bauhaus-luftfahrt.net/en/research-areas/technology-radar/solid-oxide-fuel-cell-technologies-for-future-aviation-applications"
  },
  "ma2026": {
   "title": "Ma et al., A Novel Metal Foam-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell With High Specific Power, Adv. Sci. (2026), doi:10.1002/advs.202517694",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202517694"
  },
  "za-htpem": {
   "title": "ZeroAvia, High Temperature Fuel Cell Testing Shows Large Power Density Gains (9 Mar 2023; cell-level, forward-looking)",
   "url": "https://zeroavia.com/htpem-fuel-cell-testing/"
  },
  "twin": {
   "title": "This twin: archee.api (frozen PEM anchor and SOFC v1 models)",
   "url": "https://github.com/psperera/fuel-cell-digital-twin-lab"
  }
 }
}